What Does an Architect Do? A Clear Guide for Homeowners and Developers

Most people know that architects design buildings. But that description barely scratches the surface of what an architect actually does — or why hiring the right one matters so much to the success of a construction project. This guide explains the full scope of architectural services, from first meeting to final inspection, in plain language.

The Architect’s Core Role

An architect is a licensed professional who translates a client’s program and vision into a building that can be legally permitted and successfully constructed. This involves design intelligence, technical knowledge, regulatory expertise, and project management — all at once, across a project that may span 18 months or more.

To practice architecture in Washington State, a person must hold a license issued by the Washington State Department of Licensing. This requires a professional degree (Bachelor or Master of Architecture), a multi-year internship under a licensed architect, and passage of the seven-part Architect Registration Examination (ARE). The title “architect” is legally protected — only licensed architects can use it.

What an Architect Does: Phase by Phase

1. Programming and Feasibility

Before any drawing is produced, the architect works with the client to define the project: what rooms are needed, at what sizes, with what relationships to each other, and at what budget. This phase also involves assessing the site — what zoning allows, what physical constraints exist, what opportunities the site offers. A feasibility assessment at the beginning prevents expensive surprises later.

2. Schematic Design

Schematic design is where the fundamental moves of the project are established. Floor plan organization, building massing, exterior character, and key spatial decisions are developed — typically as two or three options that give the client a real choice. Schematic design is the creative heart of the process.

3. Design Development

The selected schematic design is refined into a fully coordinated design. Every room is dimensioned, every material is specified, structural and mechanical systems are integrated, and the design is confirmed to meet zoning and energy code requirements. By the end of design development, there are no surprises left — the building is fully designed on paper.

4. Construction Documents

Construction documents are the complete drawing and specification set used for building permit applications and contractor bidding. For a residential addition in Seattle, this might be 15-30 sheets. For a custom home, 40-80 sheets. The architect coordinates engineering sub-consultants (structural, mechanical, civil) and ensures all drawings are coordinated and complete.

5. Permitting

The architect submits the permit application to the relevant jurisdiction — in Seattle, the Department of Construction and Inspections (SDCI) — and responds to plan reviewer comments. A well-prepared, complete permit submission moves through review faster and with fewer correction letters. The architect’s knowledge of the local code and permitting process directly affects how long this phase takes.

6. Bidding and Contractor Selection

The architect helps select contractors: preparing bid documents, fielding questions from bidders, reviewing submitted bids, and helping the client evaluate and select the right contractor. The lowest bid is rarely the right choice — the architect helps evaluate relevant experience, financial stability, and communication style.

7. Construction Administration

During construction, the architect visits the site regularly, reviews contractor submittals and shop drawings, responds to Requests for Information (RFIs) from the contractor, and documents site conditions. Construction administration protects the design intent and the client’s investment. This is when the architect’s continued involvement makes the biggest difference to the quality of the finished building.

What an Architect Cannot Do

Architects are designers and coordinators, not builders. The architect does not manage the construction schedule, supervise tradespeople, or guarantee the contractor’s work. The architect reviews and certifies the contractor’s work is consistent with the drawings — this is different from supervising the work itself. For projects where tighter construction oversight is needed, an owner’s representative or construction manager may supplement the architect’s role.

When Do You Need an Architect?

In Washington State, an architect’s stamp is legally required on permit applications for most commercial buildings and for residential projects above certain size thresholds. But the legal requirement understates the practical need. Any project that involves structural changes, complex permitting, or significant design decisions benefits from architectural expertise.

See our guide: When Do You Need an Architect? A Seattle Homeowner’s Guide

How Much Does an Architect Cost?

Architect fees for residential projects in Seattle typically range from 8-15% of construction cost for full-service engagements. See our complete breakdown: Architect Fees in Seattle 2026

Piper Cole Architects

Piper Cole Architects is a full-service architecture firm based in Kirkland, WA. Founded in 2000 by principal David Meade, the firm has completed 800+ residential and commercial projects across Seattle and the Eastside. We provide complete architectural services from feasibility through construction administration.

More guides: Architect vs. Design-Build | How to Read Architectural Drawings | Our Design Process